Records Atul Raja Kujur

Introduction to SQL and PL-SQL or defined. Structured Query Language (SQL)    SQL is the standard command set that allows the users to interect with the relational database management system.           All tasks related to relational data management creating table querying the database for information, modifying the data in the database, deleting them, granting access to users and so on can be easily performed using SQL. Different database vendors use different dialects of SQL. Advantages of SQL:-    १) SQL is coded without embedded data. २)Porting could be required when the underlying database management system need to be upgraded or changed. ३) SQL as a language provide a greater degree of abstraction and is independent of the way it is implemented internally. ४)The language in addition to being simple and easy to learn can also handle complex situations. ५) SQL can also be used to define data structures,control access to the data, delete,i...

A Database   is a collection of related data stored in a standardized format capable of being shared by multiple user. A Database management system   (DBMS)is a software that allows users to create and maintain a database.         Database is the software that enables to store, modify and extract data from a database.It process users request for data retrieval updation deletion and also maintain the integrity of the database. The DBMS   provides services for manipulating a database, while maintaining the integrity of the data. Database design:-    Database design enables us to represent the real world entities in a form that can be processed by the computer.The structure of a database is based on the data model - a collection of conceptual tools for describing data their relationship, semantic and consistency constraints.         The data model gives us method to capture the static and dynamic attributes of ...

What is Corona? Advantages and disvantage of Corona. Factors affecting the corona. What is Corona?   The whole phenomenon the hissing noise the violet glow,and production of ozone is known as the Corona. Factors affecting of Corona:-  १)   Atmosphere:-   Corona is coused by the bombardment of molecule with subsquent dislodging of electron,by the ionised particles. १)Conductor:-   The Corona is considered affected by the size,shape and surface condition of the conductor.The Corona decrease with the increase in diameter of conductor. ३) Spacing between Conductors:-   With the increase in spacing between the Conductors the electrostatics stresses are reduced and the Corona effect is reduced. ४)Line Voltage:-   Line Voltage largely affects the Corona.At low voltage is no corona effect,but when the line voltage is increased to such a value that electrostatic stresses developed at the Conductors surface make the atmospheric air sourr...

CMOS INVERTER:-  CMOS inverter consists of an enhancement type nMOS transistor and an enhancement type nMOS transistor working in complementary mode.          Works in push-pull mode such that for high input nMOS transistor is on and it drives (pulls down) the output and the pMOS simply acts as the load.for low input voltage nMOS transistor is cut-off and pMOS is on and it drives (pull up) the output and the nMOS acts as load.So both pMOS and nMOS contribute equally to circuit operation. Advantages of CMOS inverter are:-  👉Low power dissipation 👉Voltage transfer curves show full swing of output voltage from 0 to Vdd. 👉Sharp transition between states,which increases the noise margin. The effective source substrate bias Vsb=0 for both the transistor.It is also observed that                   Vgs n=Vin                  VDS n=Vout          ...

MOSFET (ENHANCEMENT/DEPLETION) LOAD INVERTERS  MOSFET s with enhancement type driver and resistance as load are not well suited for VLSI circuit fabrication and in other applications as resistance is a passive elements and it is very difficult is fabricate a resistor.Also voltage transfer curves do not show sharper transition and better noise margins. So n MOS   transistor as active loads poise a better condidature for inverter circuit. Also n MOS load occupies less chip area as compared to the linear resistor.             The n MOS   load inverter is again categorised in two parts..The enhancement type n MOS   load and depletion type n MOS   load.The enhancement load inverter can again operate in two modes the saturation mode and the linear mode. The inverter circuit with saturated enhancement type nMOS load and linear enhancement type load.     The gate and drain of the load transistor are connected t...

Write the explained by Czochralski (CZ) technique and Bridgeman technique . Czochralski technique :- This  technique was developed by Czochralski and this process is used to grow silicon crystal from which silicon wafers are produced.                    The process is characterized by a liquid -solid monocomponent growth system.This technique involves the solidification of atoms from a liquid phase at an interface.It is used for Cz crystal growth is known as "puller".The speed of growth is determined by the number of sites on the face of the crystal and the specifies of heat transfer at the interface.                      Working:- Polycrystalline silicon is placed in the crucible and the furnace is heated to melt silicon.A suitably oriented seed crystal is placed over the crucible in the seed holder. The seed is dipped into the melt.The seed is then slowly pulled up.So freezin...

एक दिन के बात है। बहुत सालों के बाद 12:00 बजे अमावस्या की रात में शिशु जन्म और इसी दिन कड़ाके की ठंड थी।मोहल्ले के लोग और परिवार के लोग शिशु को जब देखा तो कहने लगे कि यह बच्चा दो-तीन दिन के अंदर मर जाएगा और पंडित जी कहने लगे कि यह बच्चा नहीं मरेगा तो बच्चा बड़ा होकर आदर- सत्कार ,चहल-पहल और बड़ा आदमी बन कर दूसरों को सहायता करने वाला यह पहला व्यक्ति बनेगा। इन सब कहने के बाद मुझे अनाथालय में भेजने की तैयारी कर रहे थे कि उसी वक्त मुझे फूफा ने लोगों से कहा कि यह बच्चे को पालन पोषण में करूंगी और लिखाई-पढ़ाई में ही करवाऊंगी इस बच्चे को शपथ दे डाली।परिवार वाले लोग कहने लगे फूफा आप इस बच्चे को नहीं पा लो वह कभी भी किसी भी वक्त मर जाएगा, इसी वक्त तुरंत बोली कि ये बच्चे को मैं ही पालुंगी और यह बच्चे को कहीं भी जाने नहीं देंगे, ऐसा बोलने वाली पहली औरत इस परिवार की अब आगे क्या हुआ जानने की। बहुत दिनों के बाद यह बच्चा 4 साल हो गया मेरे दादा ने मुझे गोकुल का नाम दे दिया, जैसे जैसे उसकी उम्र बढ़ती गई वैसे-वैसे उसका नाम बदलते गया। इसके बाद मेरे माताजी ने राजा के नाम संबोधन करने लगी वह भी 5 साल की उम्र ...