Operating system structure are given below ๐Ÿ‘‡

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Operating system structure are given below ๐Ÿ‘‡
Multiprogramming :-
The operating keeps several jobs in main memory.Set of jobs can be a subset of jobs kept in job pool.
Multitasking:-
      In this CPU executes multiple jobs by switching among them but the switches occur so frequently that the user can interact with each program while it is running.
Process:-
  A process is simply defined as program under execution.The difference between process and program is that program is a passive entity whereas process is active entity.
New:-
The process is being created.
Running:-
Instructions are being executed.
Waiting:-
The process is waiting for some event to occur (such as completion of I/O operations or reception of a signal).
Ready:-
The process is waiting to be assigned to a processor.
Terminated:-
Finished its execution is represented in operating system by a process control block (PCB) also known as task central block.
Context Switch:-
The operating system to change a CPU from its current task and to run a kernel routine.The kernel saves the context of the old process in its PCB and loads the saved context of the new process schedule to run.
Process scheduling:-
Only one process can run at a time any other must wait until the CPU is free and can be rescheduled.
CPU I/O burst cycle:-
The number of cycles the process is engaged with I/O operations is called I/O burst time.

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MOSFET ( ENHANCEMENT/ DEPLETION) LOAD INVERTERS

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MOSFET (ENHANCEMENT/DEPLETION) LOAD INVERTERS  MOSFET s with enhancement type driver and resistance as load are not well suited for VLSI circuit fabrication and in other applications as resistance is a passive elements and it is very difficult is fabricate a resistor.Also voltage transfer curves do not show sharper transition and better noise margins. So n MOS   transistor as active loads poise a better condidature for inverter circuit. Also n MOS load occupies less chip area as compared to the linear resistor.             The n MOS   load inverter is again categorised in two parts..The enhancement type n MOS   load and depletion type n MOS   load.The enhancement load inverter can again operate in two modes the saturation mode and the linear mode. The inverter circuit with saturated enhancement type nMOS load and linear enhancement type load.     The gate and drain of the load transistor are connected t...
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เค…เคคुเคฒ เคฐाเคœा เค•ुเคœूเคฐ เค•ी เค•เคนाเคจी เค‡เคธ เคฒेเค– เคชเคฐ เคช्เคฐเค•ाเคถिเคค เคนो เค—เคˆ เคนै।

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เคเค• เคฆिเคจ เค•े เคฌाเคค เคนै। เคฌเคนुเคค เคธाเคฒों เค•े เคฌाเคฆ 12:00 เคฌเคœे เค…เคฎाเคตเคธ्เคฏा เค•ी เคฐाเคค เคฎें เคถिเคถु เคœเคจ्เคฎ เค”เคฐ เค‡เคธी เคฆिเคจ เค•เคก़ाเค•े เค•ी เค ंเคก เคฅी।เคฎोเคนเคฒ्เคฒे เค•े เคฒोเค— เค”เคฐ เคชเคฐिเคตाเคฐ เค•े เคฒोเค— เคถिเคถु เค•ो เคœเคฌ เคฆेเค–ा เคคो เค•เคนเคจे เคฒเค—े เค•ि เคฏเคน เคฌเคš्เคšा เคฆो-เคคीเคจ เคฆिเคจ เค•े เค…ंเคฆเคฐ เคฎเคฐ เคœाเคเค—ा เค”เคฐ เคชंเคกिเคค เคœी เค•เคนเคจे เคฒเค—े เค•ि เคฏเคน เคฌเคš्เคšा เคจเคนीं เคฎเคฐेเค—ा เคคो เคฌเคš्เคšा เคฌเคก़ा เคนोเค•เคฐ เค†เคฆเคฐ- เคธเคค्เค•ाเคฐ ,เคšเคนเคฒ-เคชเคนเคฒ เค”เคฐ เคฌเคก़ा เค†เคฆเคฎी เคฌเคจ เค•เคฐ เคฆूเคธเคฐों เค•ो เคธเคนाเคฏเคคा เค•เคฐเคจे เคตाเคฒा เคฏเคน เคชเคนเคฒा เคต्เคฏเค•्เคคि เคฌเคจेเค—ा। เค‡เคจ เคธเคฌ เค•เคนเคจे เค•े เคฌाเคฆ เคฎुเคे เค…เคจाเคฅाเคฒเคฏ เคฎें เคญेเคœเคจे เค•ी เคคैเคฏाเคฐी เค•เคฐ เคฐเคนे เคฅे เค•ि เค‰เคธी เคตเค•्เคค เคฎुเคे เคซूเคซा เคจे เคฒोเค—ों เคธे เค•เคนा เค•ि เคฏเคน เคฌเคš्เคšे เค•ो เคชाเคฒเคจ เคชोเคทเคฃ เคฎें เค•เคฐूंเค—ी เค”เคฐ เคฒिเค–ाเคˆ-เคชเคข़ाเคˆ เคฎें เคนी เค•เคฐเคตाเคŠंเค—ी เค‡เคธ เคฌเคš्เคšे เค•ो เคถเคชเคฅ เคฆे เคกाเคฒी।เคชเคฐिเคตाเคฐ เคตाเคฒे เคฒोเค— เค•เคนเคจे เคฒเค—े เคซूเคซा เค†เคช เค‡เคธ เคฌเคš्เคšे เค•ो เคจเคนीं เคชा เคฒो เคตเคน เค•เคญी เคญी เค•िเคธी เคญी เคตเค•्เคค เคฎเคฐ เคœाเคเค—ा, เค‡เคธी เคตเค•्เคค เคคुเคฐंเคค เคฌोเคฒी เค•ि เคฏे เคฌเคš्เคšे เค•ो เคฎैं เคนी เคชाเคฒुंเค—ी เค”เคฐ เคฏเคน เคฌเคš्เคšे เค•ो เค•เคนीं เคญी เคœाเคจे เคจเคนीं เคฆेंเค—े, เคเคธा เคฌोเคฒเคจे เคตाเคฒी เคชเคนเคฒी เค”เคฐเคค เค‡เคธ เคชเคฐिเคตाเคฐ เค•ी เค…เคฌ เค†เค—े เค•्เคฏा เคนुเค† เคœाเคจเคจे เค•ी। เคฌเคนुเคค เคฆिเคจों เค•े เคฌाเคฆ เคฏเคน เคฌเคš्เคšा 4 เคธाเคฒ เคนो เค—เคฏा เคฎेเคฐे เคฆाเคฆा เคจे เคฎुเคे เค—ोเค•ुเคฒ เค•ा เคจाเคฎ เคฆे เคฆिเคฏा, เคœैเคธे เคœैเคธे เค‰เคธเค•ी เค‰เคฎ्เคฐ เคฌเคข़เคคी เค—เคˆ เคตैเคธे-เคตैเคธे เค‰เคธเค•ा เคจाเคฎ เคฌเคฆเคฒเคคे เค—เคฏा। เค‡เคธเค•े เคฌाเคฆ เคฎेเคฐे เคฎाเคคाเคœी เคจे เคฐाเคœा เค•े เคจाเคฎ เคธंเคฌोเคงเคจ เค•เคฐเคจे เคฒเค—ी เคตเคน เคญी 5 เคธाเคฒ เค•ी เค‰เคฎ्เคฐ ...
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What is Corona? Advantages and disadvantage of Corona. Corona are factors affecting.

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What is Corona? Advantages and disvantage of Corona. Factors affecting the corona. What is Corona?   The whole phenomenon the hissing noise the violet glow,and production of ozone is known as the Corona. Factors affecting of Corona:-  เฅง)   Atmosphere:-   Corona is coused by the bombardment of molecule with subsquent dislodging of electron,by the ionised particles. เฅง)Conductor:-   The Corona is considered affected by the size,shape and surface condition of the conductor.The Corona decrease with the increase in diameter of conductor. เฅฉ) Spacing between Conductors:-   With the increase in spacing between the Conductors the electrostatics stresses are reduced and the Corona effect is reduced. เฅช)Line Voltage:-   Line Voltage largely affects the Corona.At low voltage is no corona effect,but when the line voltage is increased to such a value that electrostatic stresses developed at the Conductors surface make the atmospheric air sourr...
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Write ✍️ the explanation are Histogram Processing

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Write ✍️ the explanation are Histogram Processing. The histogram of a digital image with intensity level in the range [0,1,-1] is a discrete function given by                 h(rk)= nk Where,           rk= kth intensity value           nk = no. Of pixel in the image having intensity level rk. h(rk)= histogram So, we have L number of intensity in the image when we get the number of pixel having an intensity value rk and if we plot their number of pixels having different intensity value of these pixels then the plot we get is known as histogram. What is a restoration technique? ➡️ Image filtering:-                                It is used to recover the image from the degraded image i.e. by applying inverse filtering we can estimate fourier transform of original image F(u,v) from the degraded image G(u,v)     ...
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CMOS INVERTER

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CMOS INVERTER:-  CMOS inverter consists of an enhancement type nMOS transistor and an enhancement type nMOS transistor working in complementary mode.          Works in push-pull mode such that for high input nMOS transistor is on and it drives (pulls down) the output and the pMOS simply acts as the load.for low input voltage nMOS transistor is cut-off and pMOS is on and it drives (pull up) the output and the nMOS acts as load.So both pMOS and nMOS contribute equally to circuit operation. Advantages of CMOS inverter are:-  ๐Ÿ‘‰Low power dissipation ๐Ÿ‘‰Voltage transfer curves show full swing of output voltage from 0 to Vdd. ๐Ÿ‘‰Sharp transition between states,which increases the noise margin. The effective source substrate bias Vsb=0 for both the transistor.It is also observed that                   Vgs n=Vin                  VDS n=Vout          ...
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Write the explained by Czochralski(CZ) technique and Bridgeman technique.

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Write the explained by Czochralski (CZ) technique and Bridgeman technique . Czochralski technique :- This  technique was developed by Czochralski and this process is used to grow silicon crystal from which silicon wafers are produced.                    The process is characterized by a liquid -solid monocomponent growth system.This technique involves the solidification of atoms from a liquid phase at an interface.It is used for Cz crystal growth is known as "puller".The speed of growth is determined by the number of sites on the face of the crystal and the specifies of heat transfer at the interface.                      Working:- Polycrystalline silicon is placed in the crucible and the furnace is heated to melt silicon.A suitably oriented seed crystal is placed over the crucible in the seed holder. The seed is dipped into the melt.The seed is then slowly pulled up.So freezin...
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What is Cyber stalking?Who is a Cyber stalker?How does a Cyber stalker operate?When does Cyber stalking happen?

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What is Cyber stalking?Who is a Cyber stalker?How does a Cyber stalker operate?When does Cyber stalking happen? What is Cyber stalking?     Stalking in general terms can be reffered to as the repeated acts of harassment targeting the victim such as...... เฅง Following the victim เฅจ Making harrassing phone calls เฅฉ Vandalizing victim property เฅช Leaving written message or objects Who is a Cyber stalker? A Cyber stalker sends harassing or threatening electronic communication to the victim.Both kinds of stalkers -online and offline -have desire to control the victim's life. How does a Cyber stalker operate? A typical cyber stalker collects all personal information about the victim such as name, family background, telephone number of residence and work place, daily routine of the victim, address of residence and place of work,date of birth etc.         Some stalker keeps on sending repeated e-mails asking for various kinds of favour or threaten the victim. When does...
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What is Mask processing? Explain it.

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Explain the image enhancement technique. It is a technique to process an image to enhance certain features of the image.So, that the results is were suitable than the original image. There are two technique of image enhancement:- ➡️ Spatial domain technique:-       https://technicaleduarkujur.blogspot.com/2020/12/blog-post.html                  This technique works an image plane itself i.e., this technique tries to directly manipulate the pixel in the image. ➡️ Frequency domain technique:-                          In this technique operation are performed on the Fourier transform of an image rather than on the image itself i.e.,first we take Fourier transform. What is Mask processing? explain it. It is another kind of spatial domain operation where neighbourhood size is larger than 1.i.e. 3×3, 5×5 etc.                 ...
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